This page contains information and commands about viewing and clearing the DNS and ARP caches on Windows computers, as well as the hosts file. Hosts File DNS Cache (CMD) View DNS C...

This post contains recommendation summaries for password security and cryptographic topics including password complexity & storage, hash functions, symmetric & asymmetric encryption, MACs, ...

This tool generates a list of sequential payloads starting and ending at the specified numbers. These values can be arbitrarily large and outputted as integers, HEX values, or base64 encoded string...

This is a tool for breaking the encryption of messages that have been XOR encrypted using a repeated key. This method uses statistics (letter frequencies and use of common words, bigrams, and trigr...

This post will cover how to crack Wi-Fi passwords (with Hashcat) from captured handshakes using a tool like airmon-ng. Install hcxtools Extract Hashes Crack with Hashcat Install hcxtools ...

This post will show how to get started using aircrack-ng to discover wi-fi networks, capture handshakes, deauth clients, and crack passwords. Setup airmon-ng Install aircrack-ng Suit...

This post will look at how browser cookies work when used on different subdomains and on different ports. Short Answer & Summary Cookie without Domain Attribute Same Domain Dif...

In this post we’ll look at some cool algorithms, methods & formulas that solve interesting problems. Fibonacci Sphere Example Code Sphere Projection UV...

Introductory guide on how to use Frida to analyse iOS applications at runtime to perform actions such as search for methods, hook methods, view & modify instructions, and view & modify regi...

In this post we’ll cover how to attack an oracle function that encrypts user supplied data concatenated with an unknown string under ECB mode while using a constant but unknown key. This post will...

In this post we’ll cover how to decrypt messages that have been XOR encrypted using a repeated key, such as 84 d2 7a 09. The method we’ll be using to break the encryption uses statistics (letter fr...

In this post we’ll cover how to decrypt messages that have been XOR encrypted using a single byte key, such as b7. While this might not sound that useful, it’s a pre-cursor to breaking XOR encrypti...

This post will show how PKCS#7 Padding works for block ciphers like DES and AES. This post includes visual examples and the edge case to be aware of. PKCS#7, which includes message padding, is defi...

This tool can convert from UTF-8 strings to BaseN (any arbitrary base). It can also convert from BaseN to UTF-8 or HEX. The conversion alphabet can also be specified for these conversions as well. ...

Maze colouring using BFS (Breadth-First Search) and DFS (Depth-First Search). For reference, the mazes in the below examples were generated using the Randomized Depth-First Search (Recursive Backtr...